Glossary

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Gesture sonification(also: Touch sonification, Gesture-to-sound mapping)

The technique of converting touchscreen finger movements into real-time audio representations by mapping spatial position to sound parameters — typically pitch for vertical position and stereo panning for horizontal position. Gesture sonification enables blind and visually…

Glaucoma

A group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, usually caused by abnormally high intraocular pressure. It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting over 80 million people. Glaucoma typically causes gradual peripheral vision loss that may…

Glaucoma

A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, typically associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It usually causes gradual loss of peripheral vision first, which can progress to tunnel vision and…

Grade 1 Braille(also: Uncontracted Braille, Alphabetic Braille)

The basic level of braille in which each letter, number, and punctuation mark is represented by its own distinct braille cell, with no abbreviations or contractions. Grade 1 braille is typically used by beginning braille learners and for labeling purposes. While straightforward…

Grade 2 Braille(also: Contracted Braille)

The standard form of braille used in most published materials, which employs contractions — single braille characters or short groups of characters that represent common words, letter combinations, or word parts. Grade 2 braille is more concise than Grade 1, reducing reading and…

Graphic Accessibility(also: Image Accessibility, Visual Content Accessibility)

The practice of making graphical content — including charts, diagrams, maps, photographs, and illustrations — perceivable and understandable by people who cannot see them. Graphic accessibility encompasses a range of techniques from simple alternative text descriptions to…

Guide Runner(also: Sighted Guide Runner, Running Guide)

A sighted person who accompanies a blind or visually impaired runner during training or competition, providing verbal navigation cues and physical guidance typically through a tether connecting the two runners. Guide runners must match the ability level of the BVI runner,…

Guide-by-Pointing(also: Point-and-Ask, Hand-Guided Visual Query)

A prompting technique for multimodal AI assistants where a user extends their hand into the camera's field of view and asks the AI to identify what they are pointing at, or to provide spatial directions for moving their hand toward a specific item. This technique enables blind…

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