Glossary

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Object Permanence

The cognitive understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be directly perceived through sight, sound, or touch. This developmental milestone, typically achieved in infancy for sighted children, can develop differently in blind children who lack visual…

Obstacle Detection(also: Obstacle Avoidance)

Technology or techniques that identify physical barriers in a person's path and alert them in time to take corrective action. For people who are blind or visually impaired, obstacle detection systems use sensors (ultrasonic, infrared, LiDAR, or camera-based) embedded in devices…

Omnidirectional Camera(also: 360-Degree Camera, 360 Camera, Panoramic Camera)

A camera equipped with multiple wide-angle or fish-eye lenses that captures a complete 360-degree view of its surroundings in a single shot. The resulting equirectangular image can be projected into conventional perspective views for viewing or processing. In accessibility…

Orientation and Mobility(also: O&M)

A professional field and set of skills that enable blind and visually impaired people to travel safely and independently in their environments. Orientation refers to understanding one's position in space relative to landmarks and destinations, while mobility refers to the…

Orientation and mobility(also: O&M)

A professional discipline and set of skills that enable people with visual impairments to travel safely and independently through their environment. Orientation refers to understanding one's position relative to the surrounding environment using sensory cues, landmarks, and…

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