Glossary

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DOM(also: Document Object Model)

A programming interface that represents an HTML or XML document as a tree structure of objects, where each node corresponds to a part of the document such as elements, attributes, and text content. The DOM is critical to accessibility because assistive technologies like screen…

DOM Manipulation(also: DOM Modification, Document Object Model Manipulation)

The programmatic modification of a webpage's Document Object Model (DOM) to change its structure, content, styling, or behavior. In accessibility contexts, DOM manipulation is used by browser extensions, accessibility overlays, and assistive tools to enhance web pages — for…

DOM Tree(also: Document Object Model, DOM)

A programming interface that represents an HTML or XML document as a hierarchical tree structure, where each node corresponds to a part of the document such as an element, attribute, or text content. Web browsers construct the DOM tree from HTML source code, and assistive…

Dark Pattern(also: Deceptive Pattern, Manipulative Design)

A user interface design deliberately crafted to trick, manipulate, or coerce users into making unintended choices that benefit the service provider rather than the user. Dark patterns include hidden costs, forced continuity, disguised ads, confirm-shaming, and misdirection. In…

Dashboard Accessibility(also: Accessible Dashboards)

The practice of designing data dashboards — visual interfaces combining charts, key performance indicators, filtering widgets, and interactive data querying — so they are usable by people with disabilities, particularly screen reader users. Accessible dashboards require…

Data Table(also: Genuine Table)

An HTML table element used to present structured, tabular information where data cells have a logical relationship to header cells. Accessible data tables require proper semantic markup including th elements for headers, scope attributes to define header direction (row or…

Date Picker Accessibility(also: Accessible Date Picker, Date Selection Accessibility)

The degree to which date selection controls in web and mobile applications can be used effectively by people with disabilities. Date pickers are one of the most problematic interface elements for screen reader users, as they often rely on visual calendar grids, lack proper ARIA…

Decorative Image(also: Decorative Graphic, Presentational Image)

An image that serves a purely aesthetic or visual design purpose and does not convey meaningful information to the user. According to WCAG guidelines, decorative images should receive empty alt text (alt="") so that screen readers skip over them rather than announcing…

Defluffing(also: Content Defluffing, Clutter Removal)

The process of removing non-essential visual elements from a web page — such as banners, advertisements, decorative images, and sidebar content — to expose the core information content more directly to assistive technology users. In the context of web accessibility transcoding,…

Device-Dependent Event Handler(also: Device-Dependent Event, Mouse-Dependent Event Handler)

An event handler in web development that is triggered only by a specific input device, such as a mouse click or touch gesture, rather than being accessible through multiple input methods. Device-dependent event handlers create significant accessibility barriers because users who…

Digital Ecosystem Accessibility(also: Accessible Digital Ecosystem)

The practice of ensuring accessibility across the entire interconnected set of digital systems, platforms, and tools that a person must interact with to complete their goals, rather than treating each system in isolation. In higher education, the digital ecosystem includes…

Digital News Accessibility(also: Accessible News Media)

The design and implementation of digital news platforms—including websites, mobile applications, news aggregators, and audio-based services—so that they can be effectively used by people with disabilities, particularly blind and visually impaired users who rely on screen…

Distraction Control(also: Distraction Filtering, Focus Mode)

Features or tools that help users suppress distracting content on web pages to maintain focus on their primary task. Distraction control ranges from manual tools (like Apple's Distraction Control in Safari, which lets users select elements to hide) to automated systems that use…

Document Accessibility(also: Accessible Documents, Document Remediation)

The practice of creating or converting digital documents so they can be effectively accessed by people using assistive technologies, particularly screen readers. Accessible documents require proper semantic structure (headings, lists, tables with headers), logical reading order,…

Document Engineering(also: Document Design, Document Processing)

Document engineering is the discipline concerned with the principles, tools, and processes for creating, managing, transforming, and presenting documents in ways that optimise their use across different contexts and audiences. In accessibility, document engineering encompasses…

Document Expansion(also: Query Prediction, Document Enrichment)

An information retrieval technique that enhances a document by augmenting it with additional terms or predicted queries that users might use to search for that content. Methods like DocTTTTTQuery use sequence-to-sequence machine learning models to generate likely search queries…

Document Object Model(also: DOM)

A programming interface for web documents that represents the page as a tree of objects, where each HTML element is a node that can be accessed and manipulated programmatically. The DOM is fundamental to web accessibility because screen readers and other assistive technologies…

Document Object Model(also: DOM)

A programming interface that represents the structure of an HTML or XML document as a tree of objects, where each element, attribute, and piece of text becomes a node that can be programmatically accessed and manipulated. The DOM is foundational to web accessibility because…

Document Semantics(also: Page Semantics, Web Document Semantics)

Document semantics refers to the layers of meaning embedded in a web page that go beyond the raw HTML markup — including layout semantics (spatial relationships between visual elements), content semantics (the nature and structure of textual content), interaction semantics (the…

Document accessibility(also: Accessible documents)

The practice of creating digital documents (PDFs, Word files, presentations, spreadsheets) that can be read and navigated by people using assistive technologies. Key requirements include semantic structure tags, logical reading order, alternative text for images, marked table…

Document structure(also: Structural hierarchy, Document hierarchy)

The logical organization of a document into meaningful components such as headings, sections, paragraphs, lists, and tables. Proper document structure enables assistive technology users to navigate efficiently, understand relationships between content sections, and access…

Domain Specific Language(also: DSL)

A Domain Specific Language (DSL) is a small, specialised programming language designed for writing programs within a particular application domain, as opposed to a general-purpose language like Python or Java. In accessibility contexts, DSLs have been proposed for tasks such as…

Drag and Drop(also: DnD)

An interaction pattern in which users select an on-screen object by pressing and holding, then move it to a new location before releasing. Drag and drop is widely used in visual programming environments, file management, and content editing. It presents significant accessibility…

Dynamic Content Filtering(also: Intelligent Content Filtering, AI-Based Filtering)

The automated process of selectively showing or hiding web content based on computed relevance to a user's goals, preferences, or context. Dynamic content filtering uses AI models (such as large language models) to assess which page elements are relevant to a specific task and…

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