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• Accessibility Education for Software Engineers: Evaluating the Impact of Game-Based Learning

  P D Parthasarathy, Swaroop Joshi · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Computing Education

  Parthasarathy and Joshi address a persistent industry problem: despite 25 years of WCAG, only 5.2% of top web homepages fully conform, and organizations consistently report that staff lack accessibility skills. Academic curricula are slowly integrating accessibility, but…

  accessibility education · game-based learning · serious games · WCAG · software engineering

• AccessQuest: A Game-Based Approach to Digital Accessibility Education

  P D Parthasarathy, Swaroop Joshi · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Computing Education

  Parthasarathy and Joshi present AccessQuest, a single-player, role-playing platformer that teaches five WCAG 2.1 Level A success criteria — text alternatives (1.1.1), captions for pre-recorded content (1.2.2), transcripts for audio-only content (1.2.1), focus order (2.4.3), and…

  accessibility education · game-based learning · serious games · WCAG · computing education

• AXECC: Benchmarking the Privacy and Accessibility Impact of Browser Extensions

  James Clarke, Maryam Mehrnezhad, Ehsan Toreini · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security

  This paper presents AXECC, a novel automated framework for jointly measuring the web-tracking behaviour and accessibility impact of browser extensions at scale. The authors argue that while browser extensions are widely installed to improve the browsing experience, including by…

  browser extensions · web tracking · privacy · accessibility testing · automated testing

• Bridging the Gap between Automated Intervention and Actual User Experience: A Mixed-Methods Study on Mobile Accessibility Issues for Screen Reader Users

  Syed Fatiul Huq, Ziyao He, Yirui He, Sam Malek · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper by Huq, He, He, and Malek (UC Irvine) argues that existing automated accessibility testing tools for mobile apps do not faithfully represent what blind screen reader users actually experience, and proposes a user-aware categorisation to bridge the gap. The…

  mobile accessibility · screen readers · TalkBack · automated accessibility testing · software accessibility

• Nonvisual Support for Understanding and Reasoning about Data Structures

  Brianna L. Wimer, Ritesh Kanchi, Kaija Frierson, Venkatesh Potluri, Ronald A. Metoyer, Jennifer Mankoff, Miya Natsuhara, Matt X. Wang · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  Wimer, Kanchi, and colleagues present Arboretum, a web-based system that generates accessible representations of introductory data structure diagrams (arrays and binary trees) for blind and visually impaired (BVI) computer science students. The authors argue that current…

  blind and low vision · BVI · screen readers · tactile graphics · data structures

• TaskAudit: Detecting Functiona11ity Errors in Mobile Apps via Agentic Task Execution

  Mingyuan Zhong, Xia Chen, Davin Win Kyi, Chen Li, James Fogarty, Jacob O. Wobbrock · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper introduces TaskAudit, an automated accessibility evaluation system for mobile apps that detects what the authors coin 'functiona11ity errors' — accessibility barriers that only manifest through interaction, where a UI's static state looks accessible but its…

  mobile accessibility · accessibility auditing · automated accessibility testing · generative agents · large language models

• Real-Time Accessibility Dashboards for Higher Education

  Beatriz Patatas, Carlos Duarte, Leticia Seixas Pereira · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Patatas, Duarte, and Seixas Pereira (University of Lisbon and University of Porto) present an open-source Moodle plugin that integrates real-time PDF accessibility evaluation into the content-upload workflow and aggregates results into an institutional dashboard. The system has…

  higher education accessibility · learning management system · Moodle · PDF accessibility · accessibility monitoring

• Measuring the Semantic Accessibility Gap in LLM-Generated Web UIs

  Tommaso Calo, Alexandra-Elena Gurita, Luigi De Russis · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Calo, Gurita, and De Russis investigate a blind spot of mainstream automated accessibility tools: while scanners like Axe-core reliably catch missing alt attributes or unlabelled form fields (syntactic violations), they cannot tell whether the values present are actually…

  web accessibility · large language models · LLM code generation · semantic accessibility · WCAG

• Decidos: Accessible, Usable and Secure Voting in Low-stakes Elections Using Identity Wallets

  Floris Jansen, Hanna Schraffenberger, Bart Jacobs · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Jansen, Schraffenberger, and Jacobs (Radboud University) propose Decidos, a prototype web-based election platform designed for low-stakes elections — student councils, homeowners associations, small shareholder meetings, local citizen consultations — that combines a digital…

  voting accessibility · e-voting · internet voting · identity wallet · verifiable credentials

• Benchmarking PDF Accessibility Evaluation: A Dataset and Framework for Assessing Automated and LLM-Based Approaches for Accessibility Testing

  Anukriti Kumar, Tanushree Padath, Lucy Lu Wang · 2025 · ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper addresses a critical gap in PDF accessibility evaluation by introducing the first expert-validated benchmark dataset and standardized evaluation framework for assessing how well different tools and approaches can evaluate PDF accessibility. Despite PDFs being the…

  PDF accessibility · automated testing · large language models · WCAG · PDF/UA

• AccessGuru: Leveraging LLMs to Detect and Correct Web Accessibility Violations in HTML Code

  Nadeen Fathallah, Daniel Hernández, Steffen Staab · 2025 · ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper introduces AccessGuru, a novel method that combines traditional automated accessibility testing tools with large language models (LLMs) to both detect and correct web accessibility violations in HTML code. The work addresses a persistent gap in accessibility tooling:…

  automated testing · web accessibility · large language models · HTML remediation · prompt engineering

• Accessible Web Design for Older Adults: Challenges and Solutions

  Washington Chiriboga-Casanova, Nuria Medina-Medina, Patricia Paderewski-Rodríguez · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This systematic literature review analyzes 4,052 articles published between 2014 and 2023 to comprehensively map the challenges older adults face online and the solutions proposed to address them. Using the PRISMA methodology and PICO framework, the authors selected 35 studies…

  systematic review · older adults · web accessibility · aging · design guidelines

• CodeA11y: Making AI Coding Assistants Useful for Accessible Web Development

  Peya Mowar, Yi-Hao Peng, Jason Wu, Aaron Steinfeld, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2025 · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '25)

  This paper addresses a persistent problem: despite decades of accessibility standards and tools, ~96% of web pages contain accessibility violations. The authors argue that AI coding assistants like GitHub Copilot represent an untapped opportunity because developers already use…

  web accessibility · AI coding assistants · developer tools · WCAG · automated testing

• "Not Only Annoying but Dangerous": devising an ecology of protections for photosensitive social media users

  Rua Mae Williams, Chorong Park, Laila Sameer Dodhy, Monaami Pal, Atharva Anand Dnyanmote, Luchcha Angel Lam, Sean Joo · 2024 · Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This multi-pronged exploratory study investigates the ecosystem of protections needed for photosensitive social media users — people who experience seizures, migraines, nausea, dizziness, or other physiological symptoms when exposed to flashing or strobing graphics. The research…

  photosensitivity · epilepsy · social media · flashing content · GIF

• The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Accessibility Overlays for Blind and Low Vision Users

  Tlamelo Makati, Garreth W. Tigwell, Kristen Shinohara · 2024 · Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2024)

  This study provides the first substantial empirical evidence from blind and low-vision users about their experiences with web accessibility overlays—third-party JavaScript tools that claim to enhance website usability for people with disabilities by adding an additional…

  web accessibility · accessibility overlays · screen readers · blind users · low vision

• Accessibility Guidelines and Standards: Analyzing Stack Overflow Posts

  Asmaa Mansour Alghamdi, Wajdi Aljedaani, Marcelo M. Eler, Stephanie Ludi · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A '24)

  This study analyses 5,092 Stack Overflow posts related to web accessibility (from an initial dataset of 8,538 posts tagged with "accessibility" or "WCAG" between 2008 and 2022) to understand the practical challenges developers face when implementing accessibility guidelines.…

  WCAG · web development · developer experience · accessibility testing · screen readers

• A Universal Web Accessibility Feedback Form: A Participatory Design Study

  Adrian Wegener, Kathrin Fausel, Saskia Haug, Alexander Maedche · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a gap in web accessibility practice: while automated testing tools can catch structural violations, they cannot reliably assess the quality of alternative text, the usability of dynamic content, or many other issues that only human users can identify. The EU…

  web accessibility · participatory design · visual impairments · feedback mechanisms · user-centered design

• Does ChatGPT Generate Accessible Code? Investigating Accessibility Challenges in LLM-Generated Source Code

  Wajdi Aljedaani, Abdulrahman Habib, Ahmed Aljohani, Marcelo Eler, Yunhe Feng · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first empirical evaluation of the accessibility of web code generated by ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), examining both how accessible the generated code is and how well the model can fix accessibility violations. The study involved 88 web developers who prompted…

  web accessibility · large language models · ChatGPT · automated testing · WCAG

• A11yPDF: Bridging the Gap to Inclusive PDFs

  Wajdi Aljedaani, Sandeep Kumar Rudhravaram, Akhila Chintham, Abdulrahman Habib, Marcelo M. Eler · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This technical note introduces A11yPDF, a free web-based tool for evaluating the accessibility of PDF documents against WCAG 2.2 guidelines. The tool addresses key limitations of existing PDF accessibility checkers such as PDFA Inspector, PAVE, ABBYY FineReader, Common Look, and…

  PDF accessibility · automated testing · accessibility evaluation · document accessibility · WCAG

• International Guidelines for Photosensitive Epilepsy: Gap Analysis and Recommendations

  J. Bern Jordan, Gregg C. Vanderheiden · 2024 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper provides the first comprehensive published comparison of five major international guidelines for limiting photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) risk from flashing content: UK Ofcom broadcast guidance, Japan's NHK/JBA guidelines, ISO 9241-391, ITU-R BT.1702, and W3C WCAG 2.x…

  photosensitive epilepsy · seizures · flashing content · video safety · standards comparison

• Towards Real-Time Measurements of Internet Health: Optimizing Large-Scale Web Accessibility Evaluations

  Luís P. Carvalho, Tiago Guerreiro, Shaun Lawson, Kyle Montague · 2023 · Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2023)

  This paper investigates how to optimize page sampling strategies for large-scale web accessibility evaluations, aiming to make near real-time measurements of Internet Health feasible. Current large-scale accessibility studies are financially and time exhaustive, typically…

  web accessibility · large-scale evaluation · automated testing · internet health · WCAG

• An Approach to Teach Accessibility with Gamification

  Mohammad Gulam Lorgat, Hugo Paredes, Tânia Rocha · 2022 · Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2022)

  This extended abstract proposes a gamification-based approach for teaching web accessibility to undergraduate Computer Science and Software Engineering students as part of a web design course. The authors identify a gap in accessibility education: while previous approaches have…

  gamification · accessibility education · computer science education · WCAG · pedagogy

• Machine Learning for Accessible Web Navigation

  Tlamelo Makati · 2022 · Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This extended abstract explores how machine learning techniques, particularly reinforcement learning, can be adapted to improve web navigation accessibility in alignment with WCAG Guideline 2.4 (Navigable). The author observes that ML techniques have already been applied to…

  machine learning · web accessibility · reinforcement learning · web navigation · query optimization

• Improving Web and Mobile Accessibility Resources for Iranian Designers

  Laleh Nourian · 2022 · Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '22)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents early-stage research investigating how cultural differences affect accessible design practices, with a specific focus on Iranian designers. The author, Laleh Nourian at Rochester Institute of Technology, frames her work through the lens of…

  global accessibility · cultural accessibility · postcolonial computing · accessibility education · Global South accessibility

• The Transparency of Automatic Accessibility Evaluation Tools

  Parvaneh Parvin, Vanessa Palumbo, Marco Manca, Fabio Paternò · 2021 · Proceedings of the 18th International Web for All Conference (W4A '21)

  This paper examines a critical but often overlooked problem in automated accessibility testing: the lack of transparency in how evaluation tools operate and present their results. The authors observe that different accessibility evaluation tools frequently produce variable…

  automated testing · accessibility evaluation · WCAG · transparency · web accessibility