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• Zensors: Adaptive, Rapidly Deployable, Human-Intelligent Sensor Feeds

  Gierad Laput, Walter S. Lasecki, Jason Wiese, Robert Xiao, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Chris Harrison · 2015 · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2015)

  Zensors presents a novel sensing platform that combines real-time human intelligence from online crowd workers with machine learning to create adaptive, rapidly deployable intelligent sensors. The system addresses a fundamental gap in smart environment technology: traditional…

  crowdsourcing · human computation · computer vision · smart environments · machine learning

• Accessible Crowdwork? Understanding the Value in and Challenge of Microtask Employment for People with Disabilities

  Kathryn Zyskowski, Meredith Ringel Morris, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Mary L. Gray, Shaun K. Kane · 2015 · Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW 2015)

  This paper presents the first formal study of crowdworkers who have disabilities, using a mixed-methods approach combining in-depth interviews with 17 people (8 disabled crowdworkers and 9 job coaches for people with disabilities) and a survey of 631 adults with disabilities.…

  crowdsourcing · disability employment · workplace accessibility · digital inclusion · assistive technology

• Motivating Multi-Generational Crowd Workers in Social-Purpose Work

  Masatomo Kobayashi, Shoma Arita, Toshinari Itoko, Shin Saito, Hironobu Takagi · 2015 · CSCW '15: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing

  This CSCW 2015 paper from IBM Research Tokyo and the University of Tokyo investigates how to sustain a volunteer community in 'social-purpose crowdsourcing' — crowd work with altruistic goals such as supporting libraries or producing materials for people with disabilities. The…

  crowdsourcing · social-purpose crowdsourcing · motivation · gamification · GLAM

• Introducing Game Elements in Crowdsourced Video Captioning by Non-Experts

  Hernisa Kacorri, Kaoru Shinkawa, Shin Saito · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from CUNY Graduate Center and IBM Research Tokyo presents a gamified crowdsourcing platform for video captioning that combines ASR output with non-expert human transcription to improve caption accuracy without monetary rewards. The system builds on the Collaborative…

  captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · gamification · automatic speech recognition

• Overcoming the New Accessibility Challenges Using the Sweet Framework

  Gollapudi VRJ Sai Prasad, T. B. Dinesh, Venkatesh Choppella · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper argues for a broader definition of web accessibility that extends beyond disability to encompass linguistic, socio-cultural, and cognitive barriers faced by all users, a concept the authors call "New Accessibility." The research proposes a social semantic web…

  web inclusion · crowdsourcing · renarration · linguistic accessibility · cultural accessibility

• Friendsourcing the Unmet Needs of People with Dementia

  João Martins, José Carilho, Oliver Schnell, Carlos Duarte, Francisco M. Couto, Luís Carriço, Tiago Guerreiro · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents a system that combines automatic smartphone-based lifelogging with friendsourcing — a form of crowdsourcing limited to a trusted social network — to create a cognitive prosthesis for people with dementia (PwD). With an estimated 35 million people affected…

  dementia · cognitive prosthesis · friendsourcing · crowdsourcing · reminiscence therapy

• A survey of open accessibility data

  Chaohai Ding, Mike Wald, Gary Wills · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper surveys the landscape of open accessibility data in the UK, focusing on geographic and location-based datasets that could help people with disabilities navigate physical spaces and plan travel. The authors examine five data sources: Wheelmap (a crowdsourced map of…

  open data · linked data · accessible travel · crowdsourcing · semantic web

• Making Arabic PDF books accessible using gamification

  Hend AlRouqi, Hend S. Al-Khalifa · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the inaccessibility of Arabic PDF books for people with visual impairments, blindness, and dyslexia. Most online Arabic books are scanned images of printed originals, making them unreadable by screen readers and text-to-speech software. Arabic OCR technology…

  document accessibility · gamification · crowdsourcing · OCR · Arabic accessibility

• Accessibility and Smart Data: the Case Study of mPASS

  Catia Prandi · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents mPASS (mobile Pervasive Accessibility Social Sensing), a research project from the University of Bologna that applies the concept of Smart Data to urban accessibility. The paper argues that while crowdsourcing and personal sensing generate…

  accessible maps · crowdsourcing · smart data · urban accessibility · user modeling

• Can a Blind Person Understand Your World?

  Chieko Asakawa · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This keynote paper by Chieko Asakawa of IBM Research presents a vision for the next frontier of accessibility for blind people: moving from digital information access to real-world understanding through cognitive computing. Asakawa charts the exponential growth of accessible…

  blindness · cognitive assistance · image recognition · computer vision · machine learning

• Accessibility Evaluation of Classroom Captions

  Raja S. Kushalnagar, Walter S. Lasecki, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2014 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of real-time captioning approaches for classroom lectures, comparing Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), and a novel collaborative captioning system called Legion:Scribe. The authors…

  real-time captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · classroom accessibility · crowdsourcing · eye tracking

• Evaluating the Accessibility of Crowdsourcing Tasks on Amazon's Mechanical Turk

  Rocío Calvo, Shaun K. Kane, Amy Hurst · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper presents a heuristic accessibility evaluation of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing platform where workers complete short tasks (Human Intelligence Tasks, or HITs) for small payments. The authors argue that crowd work platforms offer a potentially…

  crowdsourcing · web accessibility · accessibility evaluation · employment · WCAG

• Web Accessibility Evaluation with the Crowd: Using Glance to Rapidly Code User Testing Video

  Mitchell Gordon · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper proposes using Glance, a crowd-powered video coding tool, to accelerate the analysis of user accessibility testing videos. User testing with people with disabilities is a recommended component of web accessibility evaluation (as outlined in the W3C Website…

  crowdsourcing · accessibility evaluation · usability testing · video coding · web accessibility

• Where's My Bus Stop? Supporting Independence of Blind Transit Riders with StopInfo

  Megan Campbell, Cynthia Bennett, Caitlin Bonnar, Alan Borning · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper presents StopInfo, a system integrated into the OneBusAway transit app that provides detailed information about bus stops to help blind and low vision riders locate and verify stops, particularly in unfamiliar areas. Locating a bus stop is a significant challenge for…

  public transit · blind navigation · crowdsourcing · wayfinding · mobile accessibility

• From Screen Reading to Aural Glancing: Towards Instant Access to Key Page Sections

  Prathik Gadde, Davide Bolchini · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS 2014)

  This paper addresses a fundamental problem in screen reader navigation: while sighted users can glance at a web page to instantly understand its structure and locate relevant sections, screen reader users are forced to listen to content serially, making navigation of complex…

  screen readers · web navigation · blindness · visual impairment · e-commerce accessibility

• Real-Time Captioning with the Crowd

  Walter S. Lasecki, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2014 · Interactions

  This article presents Scribe, a crowdsourced real-time captioning system that allows groups of non-expert typists to collectively produce captions at the speed of natural speech — a task that normally requires highly trained professional stenographers. The authors motivate the…

  real-time captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · speech-to-text · human computation

• Legion Scribe: Real-Time Captioning by Non-Experts

  Walter S. Lasecki, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2014 · ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This demonstration paper presents Legion:Scribe, a crowd-powered captioning system that enables groups of 3-5 non-expert typists to collectively produce real-time captions with less than 5 seconds of latency. The system addresses the prohibitive cost of professional…

  real-time captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · speech-to-text · human computation

• Mosaic: Collaborative Ways for Older Adults to Use Their Expertise through Information Technologies

  Atsushi Hiyama, Masatomo Kobayashi, Hironobu Takagi, Michitaka Hirose · 2014 · ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing, Issue 110

  This SIGACCESS Newsletter article from IBM Research Tokyo and the University of Tokyo argues that accessibility research for older adults has focused too narrowly on healthcare and assistive tools that compensate for declining abilities, and proposes a complementary research…

  aging · older adults · hyper-aged society · senior cloud · crowdsourcing

• Legion Scribe: Real-Time Captioning by the Non-Experts

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper introduces Legion Scribe, a system that enables real-time captioning of speech by harnessing 3-5 ordinary typists working simultaneously, rather than relying on expensive professional stenographers. Real-time captioning provides text equivalents of spoken…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · real-time captioning · communication accessibility

• Citizen Sensing for Collaborative Construction of Accessibility Maps

  Kelly Shigeno, Sergio Borger, Diego Gallo, Ricardo Herrmann, Mateus Molinaro, Carlos Cardonha, Fernando Koch, Priscilla Avegliano · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper presents IBM Sidewalks, a mobile application developed by IBM Research Brazil that enables citizens to collaboratively report physical accessibility issues in urban environments through crowdsourcing. The application is part of IBM's broader Citizen Sensing…

  crowdsourcing · accessibility mapping · mobile application · physical accessibility · urban accessibility

• Crowdsourcing Platform for Workplace Accessibility

  Hironobu Takagi, Akihiro Kosugi, Shin Saito, Masayoshi Teraguchi · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from IBM Research Tokyo proposes Crowd Card, an intra-organizational crowdsourcing platform designed to improve workplace accessibility while maintaining confidentiality of business materials. The core problem is that modern workplaces are filled with inaccessible…

  crowdsourcing · workplace accessibility · image description · video captioning · document accessibility

• A Crowdsourcing Platform for the Construction of Accessibility Maps

  Carlos Cardonha, Diego Gallo, Priscilla Avegliano, Ricardo Herrmann, Fernando Koch, Sergio Borger · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This highly cited paper (69 citations) from IBM Research Brazil presents a comprehensive crowdsourcing platform for constructing outdoor accessibility maps through two complementary data collection approaches. The first, IBM Citizen Sensing, is an active reporting tool where…

  crowdsourcing · accessibility mapping · physical accessibility · urban accessibility · citizen sensing

• Warping Time for More Effective Real-Time Crowdsourcing

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2013)

  This paper introduces TimeWarp, a technique that manipulates audio playback speed to improve crowd workers performance on real-time speech captioning. The core problem is that non-expert typists cannot keep up with natural speaking rates of 150-225 words per minute, forcing them…

  real-time captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · human computation · speech accessibility

• Investigating the Appropriateness of Social Network Question Asking as a Resource for Blind Users

  Erin L. Brady, Yu Zhong, Meredith Ringel Morris, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2013)

  This paper explores whether social networking sites (SNSs) are a viable alternative to paid crowdsourcing for answering blind users' visual questions. The research combines three methods: a survey of 191 blind adults about their social networking habits and attitudes toward…

  social media accessibility · blind users · crowdsourcing · friendsourcing · visual question answering

• Real-Time Captioning by Non-Experts with Legion Scribe

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2013)

  This short paper introduces Legion Scribe (Scribe), a system that enables 3-5 non-expert typists to collectively caption speech in real time, achieving accuracy approaching that of a professional stenographer at 20-30% of the cost. The system addresses a critical accessibility…

  real-time captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · human computation · assistive technology