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• OPTIMAL-EM: Complexity-Driven Clustering for Optimised Web Accessibility Evaluation

  Alexander Hambley, Yeliz Yesilada, Markel Vigo, Simon Harper · 2026 · ACM Transactions on the Web, Vol. 20, No. 2

  Hambley, Yesilada, Vigo, and Harper (University of Manchester and METU-NCC) extend their OPTIMAL-EM methodology for large-scale web accessibility conformance evaluation. The problem they address is fundamental to professional auditing: the W3C's Website Accessibility Conformance…

  web accessibility · accessibility evaluation · WCAG-EM · OPTIMAL-EM · representative sampling

• Multi-Perspective Visual Contrastive Decoding for Reliable Assistance

  Bocheng Pan, Hailong Shi, Xingyu Gao · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Internet of Things

  This technical paper presents MPVCD (Multi-Perspective Visual Contrastive Decoding), a framework designed to address the reliability of AI-generated visual descriptions for people who are blind or have low vision (BLV). The core problem it tackles: when BLV users photograph…

  blindness and low vision · multimodal AI · image captioning · visual hallucination · assistive technology

• Synergy of Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality in Patient-focused Health and Well-Being Applications—A Systematic Review

  Tim Schwirtlich, Cheolmin Matthew Lee, Molly Beestrum, David C. Mohr · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare

  This systematic review, conducted by researchers at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, maps the landscape of applications that combine artificial intelligence and extended reality (XR) for direct patient health and well-being outcomes. The review follows…

  extended reality · artificial intelligence · rehabilitation · mental health · accessibility

• Judge: Effective State Abstraction for Guiding Automated Web GUI Testing

  Chenxu Liu, Junheng Wang, Wei Yang, Ying Zhang, Tao Xie · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology

  This paper presents Judge, a novel approach to state abstraction for automated web GUI testing (AWGT). AWGTs explore web applications by performing GUI actions and building a state model to guide further exploration, maximising code coverage within a fixed time budget. Effective…

  automated testing · web accessibility · GUI testing · DOM · machine learning

• The EasyCog Dataset: Towards Easier Cognitive Assessment with Passive Video Watching

  Qingyong Hu, Yuxuan Zhou, Jinjian Wang, Yanbin Gong, Yizhen Zhang, Jingnan Sun, Jian Yao, Qijia Shao, Lili Qiu, Qian Zhang, Guihua Li · 2026 · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

  This paper introduces EasyCog, the first large-scale multimodal dataset designed for low-burden, low-cost cognitive assessment using passive visual engagement. The core motivation is to address well-documented limitations of standard clinical cognitive tests such as the Montreal…

  cognitive accessibility · cognitive assessment · EEG · eye tracking · dementia

• CLARIS: Clear and Intelligible Speech from Whispered and Dysarthric Voices

  Neil Shah, Yash Sonkar, Shirish Subhash Karande, Vineet Gandhi · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper introduces CLARIS (Clear and Accessible Restoration of Impaired Speech), a compact end-to-end neural speech-to-speech restoration system designed to convert whispered speech and dysarthric speech into clear, natural, intelligible voice output. The authors…

  speech accessibility · dysarthria · voice conversion · whispered speech · silent speech

• Giving Meaning to Movements: Challenges and Opportunities in Expanding Communication by Pairing Unaided AAC with Speech Generated Messages

  Imran Kabir, Sharon Ann Redmon, Lynn R. Elko, Kevin Williams, Mitchell A. Case, Dawn J. Sowers, Krista Wilkinson, Syed Masum Billah · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  Kabir and colleagues tackle a long-standing split in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): aided AAC — speech-generating devices, symbol boards, tablet apps — produces standardised, intelligible output but is slow, visually demanding, and awkward when partners are…

  AAC · augmentative and alternative communication · motor impairment · speech impairment · wearable technology

• SituFont: A Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention Interface for Enhancing Mobile Readability in Situational Visual Impairments

  Jingruo Chen, Kexin Nie, Mingshan Zhang, Chun Yu, Zhiqi Gao, Kun Yue, Yuanchun Shi, Chen Liang · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  SituFont is a smartphone reading interface that treats situational visual impairment (SVI) as a first-class design target and dynamically adjusts font parameters in response to real-time context. The authors argue that static accessibility settings and one-off manual adjustments…

  situational visual impairment · situationally induced impairments and disabilities · adaptive typography · just-in-time adaptive intervention · human-in-the-loop

• Open, Accurate, and Calibration-Free Muscle-Computer Interfaces

  Ethan Eddy, Evan Campbell, Erik J. Scheme, Scott Bateman · 2026 · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  Eddy and colleagues tackle one of the long-standing barriers to practical muscle-computer interfaces (MCIs): that accurate, cross-user gesture recognition from forearm EMG has historically required either per-user calibration or access to closed datasets and proprietary…

  muscle-computer interface · electromyography · EMG · gesture recognition · machine learning

• Accuracy as Autonomy: How Reliable Information Enables Choice in Wheelchair-Accessible Taxi Services

  Hyunseon Won, Seoyoung Park, Sejung Son, Taenyun Kim, Jinyoung Han · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Won and colleagues (Sungkyunkwan University and Michigan State) investigate how the accuracy of AI-predicted information in accessibility-oriented services affects users' psychological needs and technology acceptance, using Seoul's Wheelchair-Accessible Taxi (WAT) service as a…

  transportation accessibility · wheelchair users · paratransit · self-determination · autonomy

• Sona: Towards Context-Aware, Real-Time Personalization of Acoustic Environments for Noise Sensitivity

  Jeremy Zhengqi Huang, Emani Hicks, Sidharth, Gillian R Hayes, Dhruv Jain · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Huang and colleagues (University of Michigan and UC Irvine) reframe acoustic accessibility for people with noise sensitivity as selective, user-steerable soundscape mediation rather than wholesale noise cancellation. The authors argue that current commercial tools - active noise…

  noise sensitivity · misophonia · hyperacusis · autism · neurodivergence

• Exploring Collaboration to Center the Deaf Community in Sign Language AI

  Rie Kamikubo, Abraham Glasser, Alex X Lu, Hal Daumé III, Hernisa Kacorri, Danielle Bragg · 2025 · ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates the critical disconnect between machine learning (ML) practitioners and Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) signers in the development of sign language AI technologies. Despite sign language processing's promise for societal inclusivity, the field…

  Deaf community · sign language · American Sign Language · machine learning · participatory AI

• AccessGuru: Leveraging LLMs to Detect and Correct Web Accessibility Violations in HTML Code

  Nadeen Fathallah, Daniel Hernández, Steffen Staab · 2025 · ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper introduces AccessGuru, a novel method that combines traditional automated accessibility testing tools with large language models (LLMs) to both detect and correct web accessibility violations in HTML code. The work addresses a persistent gap in accessibility tooling:…

  automated testing · web accessibility · large language models · HTML remediation · prompt engineering

• Joint Bilingual Navigation of Informed Consent and Intake Forms in American Sign Language and Written English

  Matthew Seita, Michaela Usha, Rachel Skwersky, Poorna Kushalnagar, Raja Kushalnagar · 2025 · Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference (W4A 2025)

  This paper presents a joint bilingual informed consent and intake form that can be navigated simultaneously in American Sign Language (ASL) and written English, addressing a critical accessibility barrier for the approximately 500,000 Americans who primarily use ASL. Current…

  deaf and hard of hearing · sign language recognition · informed consent · healthcare accessibility · American Sign Language

• Color-Coded Emotional Learning Serious Games for Children with Autism: Foregrounding Facial Expression Recognition & Accessibility

  Tahani Jaser Alahmadi, Haifa Albahli, Modhi Alqahtani, Hind Bin Mehaya, Imtinan Alqahtani, Joory Alotaibi · 2025 · Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This technical note presents Muheet, a mobile application that uses color-emotion associations and AI-based facial expression recognition to help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) understand and recognize emotions. ASD affects approximately 1.5-2% of the global…

  autism · emotional learning · serious games · facial expression recognition · machine learning

• AI and Gamification for Employees with ADHD: A Tool for Enhancing Workplace Focus & Productivity

  Tahani Jaser Alahmadi, Ruyouf AlKhuzaim, Meral AlHelwah, Abbrar AlOtaibi, Dima AlTammami, Daad AlSaqer · 2025 · Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents WADAQ, an AI-driven gamification tool designed to support employees with ADHD in improving focus, task management, and workplace productivity. The system operates in three stages: first, machine learning classification models predict whether a user is likely…

  ADHD · gamification · machine learning · reinforcement learning · workplace accessibility

• Conversational Voice User Interfaces Supporting Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Literature Review

  Franceli L. Cibrian, Concepción Valdez, Lauren Min, Vivian Genaro Motti · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This systematic literature review examines 43 papers published between 1998 and 2023 on the use of Conversational Voice User Interfaces (CVUIs) to support individuals with Down syndrome. Using the PRISMA methodology, the authors searched ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, PubMed,…

  voice user interfaces · Down syndrome · speech recognition · intellectual disability · conversational AI

• FormA11y — Research and Development of a Tool for Remediating PDF Forms for Accessibility

  Sparsh Paliwal, Joshua Hoeflich, J. Bern Jordan, Rajiv Jain, Vlad I. Morariu, Alexa Siu, Jonathan Lazar · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 32, No. 1

  Paliwal and colleagues — a team spanning the University of Maryland's Maryland Initiative for Digital Accessibility (MIDA), Northwestern, and Adobe Research — tackle a problem that has been largely overlooked in PDF accessibility research: the remediation of interactive *PDF…

  PDF accessibility · PDF forms · PDF/UA · document accessibility · remediation tools

• Self-supervised learning using unlabeled speech with multiple types of speech disorder for disordered speech recognition

  Ryoichi Takashima, Takeru Otani, Ryo Aihara, Tetsuya Takiguchi, Shinya Taguchi · 2024 · Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2024)

  This paper tackles a critical barrier in accessible speech technology: automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems perform poorly for people with speech disorders because they are trained almost exclusively on typical speech. The authors from Kobe University and Mitsubishi…

  speech recognition · speech disorders · machine learning · self-supervised learning · assistive technology

• WheelPoser: Sparse-IMU Based Body Pose Estimation for Wheelchair Users

  Yunzhi Li, Vimal Mollyn, Kuang Yuan, Patrick Carrington · 2024 · ASSETS '24: Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper presents WheelPoser, a real-time body pose estimation system designed specifically for wheelchair users using only four inertial measurement units (IMUs). Existing pose estimation methods are largely developed for standing and ambulatory users, relying on assumptions…

  wheelchair users · pose estimation · inertial measurement units · motion capture · body tracking

• Vision-Based Assistive Technologies for People with Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Review and Focus Study

  Bhanuka Gamage, Leona Holloway, Nicola McDowell, Thanh-Toan Do, Nicholas Price, Arthur Lowery, Kim Marriott · 2024 · ASSETS '24: Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper reveals a significant research gap in assistive technology for people with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) through a scoping review and focus studies. CVI is caused by damage to the brain's visual processing centres rather than the eyes themselves, making it…

  cerebral visual impairment · CVI · vision-based assistive technology · computer vision · augmented reality

• Understanding How Blind Users Handle Object Recognition Errors: Strategies and Challenges

  Jonggi Hong, Hernisa Kacorri · 2024 · ASSETS '24: Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates how blind and low-vision users interact with object recognition systems, specifically focusing on how they identify and handle recognition errors. While object recognition technologies powered by computer vision and machine learning have enormous…

  blind users · object recognition · AI errors · computer vision · camera-based assistive technology

• Exploring Accessibility of Mobile Applications Through User Feedback: Insights from App Reviews in a Systematic Literature Review

  Alberto Dumont Alves Oliveira, Marcelo Medeiros Eler · 2024 · Proceedings of the XXIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC 2024)

  This systematic literature review examines how user reviews from app stores have been used to study the accessibility of mobile applications. The authors searched five major academic databases (ACM, IEEE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science) and identified 638 papers,…

  mobile accessibility · app reviews · user feedback · systematic literature review · user reviews

• Stress Detection of Autistic Adults during Simulated Job Interviews Using a Novel Physiological Dataset and Machine Learning

  Miroslava Migovich, Deeksha Adiani, Michael Breen, Amy Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Nilanjan Sarkar · 2024 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This research addresses the significant employment barriers faced by autistic adults, with job interviews identified as a primary obstacle. The researchers developed a physiological stress detection system integrated with CIRVR (Career Interview Readiness in Virtual Reality), a…

  autism · employment · job interview · physiological sensing · affective computing

• Measuring the Accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition Solutions

  Korbinian Kuhn, Verena Kersken, Benedikt Reuter, Niklas Egger, Gottfried Zimmermann · 2024 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This study provides independent, comprehensive benchmarking of 11 common automatic speech recognition (ASR) services to assess their real-world accuracy for accessibility purposes. The research addresses a critical gap: while vendors claim "state-of-the-art accuracy" and…

  automatic speech recognition · ASR · captions · deaf and hard of hearing · transcription