Glossary

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ADHD Rating Scale(also: ADHD-RS, ADHD-RS-IV)

A standardised assessment tool based on DSM diagnostic criteria for evaluating the frequency and severity of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. Completed by parents or teachers, it measures inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptom clusters. In digital health and…

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(also: ASRS, ASRS-v1.1, Adult ADHD Self-Rating Scale)

A short self-report screening instrument for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder developed by the World Health Organization in collaboration with researchers from Harvard Medical School. The most widely used version, ASRS-v1.1, is an 18-item questionnaire whose first…

Child Behavior Checklist(also: CBCL, K-CBCL)

A standardised parent-report assessment tool used to evaluate behavioural and emotional problems in children aged 6-18. It measures internalising problems (anxiety, withdrawal, somatic complaints) and externalising problems (aggression, rule-breaking). The CBCL is widely used in…

Co-Presence(also: Copresence)

The sense of being together with another person in a shared space, whether physical or virtual, where individuals are aware of each other's presence and are "accessible, available, and subject to one another" (Goffman). Co-presence does not require active interaction—the mere…

Comprehensive Attention Test(also: CAT)

A computer-based, clinically validated battery for assessing multiple attention capacities in children and adolescents. It measures sub-components including visual and auditory selective attention, sustained attention, inhibition-sustained attention, and interference-selective…

Deep Pressure Therapy(also: DPT, Deep Pressure Stimulation, Deep Touch Pressure)

A therapeutic approach that uses firm, distributed tactile pressure — such as from weighted blankets, compression garments, or inflatable vests — to reduce anxiety, stress, and physiological arousal. Deep pressure stimulation activates the parasympathetic nervous system,…

Digital Stimming(also: Digital self-stimulation)

The deliberate, controlled engagement with digital content — typically apps, videos, or sites commonly labeled as 'distracting' — as a self-regulatory or soothing behavior, analogous to physical stimming (repetitive self-soothing actions recognized in neurodivergent…

Distributed Accountability

A collaborative support strategy where responsibility for remembering tasks, meeting deadlines, and maintaining organizational systems is shared across a network of people rather than resting solely on the individual. For ADHD students, distributed accountability manifests…

Doom Scrolling(also: Doomscrolling)

The tendency to continuously scroll through social media or news feeds despite the content being distressing or unproductive, often losing significant amounts of time in the process. Doom scrolling is particularly problematic for people with ADHD due to the dopamine-seeking…

Email Anxiety(also: Inbox Anxiety)

Intense anxiety, dread, or avoidance behavior around checking, opening, and responding to emails, commonly experienced by people with ADHD. Email anxiety can involve physical symptoms like racing heart and nausea, fear of receiving negative feedback or reminders of missed…

Emotional Regulation(also: Emotion Regulation, Affect Regulation)

The ability to manage, modify, and respond to emotional experiences in ways that are situationally appropriate and aligned with one's goals. Emotional regulation is a significant challenge for people with ADHD, who may experience heightened emotional reactivity, difficulty…

EndeavorRx(also: Endeavor Rx, EndeavorRx DTx)

The first FDA-cleared prescription digital therapeutic for children with ADHD, cleared in June 2020. EndeavorRx is a mobile video game designed to improve attention function in children aged 8-12 with ADHD by targeting neural systems associated with attention through sensory…

Focusmate

An online platform that facilitates virtual body doubling by matching users with accountability partners for timed video co-working sessions. Users keep their cameras on, state their goals at the beginning of each session, and report on progress at the end. Focusmate creates…

Goal-Setting Theory

A motivational theory developed by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham proposing that setting specific, challenging goals leads to higher performance than vague or easy goals. In the context of ADHD support, goal-setting theory underpins features in body doubling platforms like…

Hyperfixation

Hyperfixation is an intense, prolonged focus on a single activity, topic or interest to the exclusion of other tasks and bodily needs, commonly associated with ADHD and autism. Unlike hyperfocus, which is often channelled toward a productive task, hyperfixation can latch onto…

Peer Mentoring(also: Peer Support, Peer Tutoring)

A support relationship where individuals with shared experiences provide guidance, emotional support, and practical assistance to one another, typically in informal or semi-structured settings. For ADHD students in higher education, peer mentoring from other ADHD students is…

Pomodoro Technique(also: Pomodoro Method, Pomodoro Timer)

A time management method developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s that uses a timer to break work into focused intervals (typically 25 minutes) separated by short breaks (typically 5 minutes), with longer breaks after every four intervals. The technique is widely adopted…

Study With Me(also: Study With Me Videos, SWM)

A genre of online video content, primarily on YouTube and Twitch, where creators film themselves studying or working, often incorporating Pomodoro-style timed sessions. Viewers watch these videos while studying to simulate the experience of body doubling—creating a sense of…

StudyStream

An online platform that provides virtual body doubling through a grid-based video interface simulating a study hall or library environment. Unlike one-on-one platforms like Focusmate, StudyStream displays multiple users simultaneously, creating moderate accountability through…

Time Blindness(also: Diminished time awareness)

A reduced or unreliable awareness of the passage of time, commonly associated with ADHD and related executive-function differences. People experiencing time blindness may struggle to estimate how long tasks take, notice elapsed time during immersive activities, or plan backward…

Working Memory

The cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information needed for complex tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. Working memory is a core executive function that is frequently impaired in ADHD, leading to difficulties with following…

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