Glossary

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DOM(also: Document Object Model)

A programming interface that represents an HTML or XML document as a tree structure of objects, where each node corresponds to a part of the document such as elements, attributes, and text content. The DOM is critical to accessibility because assistive technologies like screen…

De-identification(also: De-ID, Data De-identification)

The process of removing or obscuring personally identifiable information from data, images, or video to protect an individual's privacy. In video contexts, de-identification may involve blurring, pixelating, or replacing faces and other identifying features. For sign language…

Dead Reckoning(also: Inertial Navigation, Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, PDR)

Dead reckoning is a navigation technique that estimates a user's current position by tracking their movement from a known starting point, using data from inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. In accessible wayfinding applications for blind and low-vision users,…

Deep Learning(also: DL)

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers to learn complex patterns from large amounts of data. In accessibility contexts, deep learning powers many assistive technologies including automatic image description for…

Digital Audio Workstation(also: DAW)

Software used for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio content, such as Reaper, Logic Pro, Cubase, or Pro Tools. DAWs present significant accessibility challenges for blind and visually impaired users because their interfaces are heavily visual — featuring graphical…

Digital Fabrication(also: Digital Manufacturing, Rapid Prototyping)

Digital fabrication encompasses manufacturing processes that use computer-controlled tools to create physical objects from digital designs. Common tools include laser cutters, 3D printers, and CNC routers. In accessibility contexts, digital fabrication enables the creation of…

Digital Literacy(also: Digital Skills, Computer Literacy, ICT Literacy)

The ability to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information using digital technologies. Digital literacy extends beyond basic technical skills to include understanding how to use technology safely and effectively, critically evaluating online information, managing privacy…

Digital Musical Instrument(also: DMI, Electronic Musical Instrument)

A musical instrument that generates or controls sound through digital technology rather than purely acoustic means. Digital musical instruments separate the physical interface (how the player interacts) from the sound generation (what is heard), allowing for novel input methods…

Digital Television(also: DTV, Digital TV, iTV)

Television broadcasting and receiving technology that uses digital signals rather than analogue, enabling additional features such as interactive services, electronic programme guides, on-demand content, and multiple channel packages. Digital television accessibility is a…

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