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• Conception and Experimentation of a Communication Device with Adaptive Scanning

  Souhir Ghedira, Pierre Pino, Guy Bourhis · 2009 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This paper presents an adaptive algorithm for optimizing scanning delay (Tscan) in switch-operated AAC devices, addressing one of the fundamental challenges in scanning-based communication: finding the right balance between speed and error rate. For users with severe motor…

  AAC · scanning · switch access · motor disabilities · adaptive systems

• User Interaction with Word Prediction: The Effects of Prediction Quality

  Keith Trnka, John McCaw, Debra Yarrington, Kathleen F. McCoy, Christopher Pennington · 2009 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This study investigates how the quality of word prediction systems affects both communication speed and user behavior in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The researchers conducted a controlled experiment with 33 adult participants who used a simulated AAC…

  AAC · word prediction · language models · communication rate · user study

• Evaluating Existing Audio CAPTCHAs and an Interface Optimized for Non-Visual Use

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Anna C. Cavender · 2009 · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2009)

  This paper presents the first large-scale evaluation of audio CAPTCHAs — the purportedly accessible alternative to visual CAPTCHAs — revealing that they are dramatically more difficult for both blind and sighted users. The study gathered 10 types of audio CAPTCHAs from major…

  blind and low vision · web accessibility · screen readers · CAPTCHA · authentication

• Mining Web Interactions to Automatically Create Mash-Ups

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Ryan S. Kaminsky, Jeffrey Nichols · 2009 · Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2009)

  This paper introduces TX2, a Firefox browser extension that automatically creates meta-search mash-ups by mining the web interactions of multiple users to discover relationships between query forms on different websites. The deep web — information accessible only through web…

  web accessibility · web development · information retrieval · end-user programming · personalization

• Trailblazer: Enabling Blind Users to Blaze Trails Through the Web

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Tessa Lau, Jeffrey Nichols · 2009 · IUI '09: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

  This paper introduces TrailBlazer, a system designed to help blind web users complete tasks more efficiently by providing step-by-step guidance through web pages. The core problem it addresses is that blind users relying on screen readers must often perform time-consuming linear…

  screen readers · blind users · web accessibility · non-visual interfaces · programming by demonstration

• ClassInFocus: Enabling Improved Visual Attention Strategies for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

  Anna C. Cavender, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Richard E. Ladner · 2009 · Assets '09: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper presents ClassInFocus, a system designed to help deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students manage the demanding visual attention requirements of modern multi-modal classrooms. DHH students face a unique challenge: while hearing students can simultaneously listen to the…

  deaf and hard of hearing · classroom accessibility · visual attention · notifications · eye tracking

• MGuider: Mobile Guiding and Tracking System in Public Transit System for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments

  Wei-Hsun Chen · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents MGuider, a mobile guiding and tracking system designed to help individuals with cognitive impairments navigate public transit systems independently. Developed in collaboration with NGOs running supported employment programs in Taipei, Taiwan, the system…

  cognitive accessibility · wayfinding · mobile technology · public transit · assistive technology

• Designing AAC Interfaces for Commercial Brain-Computer Interaction Gaming Hardware

  Stephen Steward · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper explores repurposing a low-cost commercial brain-computer interface (BCI) gaming device — the OCZ Technologies Neural Impulse Actuator (NIA) — as an input device for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The NIA is a headband that reads electrical signals…

  augmentative and alternative communication · brain-computer interface · assistive technology · motor impairment · speech impairment

• Validity and Reliability of Web Accessibility Guidelines

  Giorgio Brajnik · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents an experiment measuring the validity and reliability of WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 checkpoints when applied by human evaluators. The study recruited 35 young web developers with some accessibility knowledge from a university course and asked them to evaluate two…

  accessibility evaluation · WCAG · conformance testing · inter-rater reliability · web accessibility

• A Respite Care Information System for Families with Developmental Delay Children through Mobile Networks

  Jyun-Yan Yang · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents the design and implementation of a mobile social network-based system for matching families of children with developmental delay (CDD) with respite care volunteers. Developed in collaboration with the Angel Heart Family Social Welfare Foundation in Taiwan,…

  respite care · developmental delay · mobile technology · social network · caregiver support

• Rock Vibe: Rock Band® Computer Games for People with No or Limited Vision

  Troy Allman, Rupinder K. Dhillon, Molly A.E. Landau, Sri H. Kurniawan · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents Rock Vibe, a modification of the commercial Rock Band® video game that replaces visual cues with haptic vibrations and audio feedback to enable people with no or limited vision to play the drumming component. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller to…

  game accessibility · visual impairment · blindness · haptic feedback · sensory substitution

• Evaluating Prosodic Cues as a Means to Disambiguate Algebraic Expressions: An Empirical Study

  Ed Gellenbeck, Andreas Stefik · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper investigates whether inserting pauses into text-to-speech renderings of mathematical expressions can help listeners distinguish between structurally different but verbally similar algebraic expressions. The core problem is that written mathematics relies on…

  mathematical accessibility · text-to-speech · screen readers · MathML · SSML

• Spatial and Temporal Pyramids for Grammatical Expression Recognition of American Sign Language

  Nicholas Michael, Dimitris Metaxas, Carol Neidle · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a novel computer vision framework for recognizing grammatical facial expressions and head gestures in American Sign Language (ASL) video. While most sign language recognition research has focused on manual components (hand shapes and movements), this work…

  sign language recognition · American Sign Language · non-manual markers · computer vision · facial expression recognition

• Freedom to Roam: A Study of Mobile Device Adoption and Accessibility for People with Visual and Motor Disabilities

  Shaun K. Kane, Chandrika Jayant, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Richard E. Ladner · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a two-method qualitative study examining how people with visual and motor disabilities select, adapt, and use mobile devices in their daily lives. The researchers interviewed 20 participants (ages 20-66) with visual disabilities (blindness, low vision) and…

  mobile accessibility · visual impairment · motor impairment · blindness · low vision

• Sensation Augmentation to Relieve Pressure Sore Formation in Wheelchair Users

  Raphael P. Rush · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents SoreStop, an Arduino-based sensory augmentation device designed to prevent pressure sore formation in wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries. Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers) are a major cause of injury and death among patients who regularly use…

  pressure ulcer · spinal cord injury · wheelchair · sensory augmentation · assistive technology

• Speaking Through Pictures: Images vs. Icons

  Xiaojuan Ma, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Sonya Nikolova, Perry R. Cook · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper investigates whether freely available web images can serve as effective substitutes for professionally designed icons in assistive communication systems for people with aphasia. Existing icon-based systems like Lingraphica and C-VIC (Computerized Visual Communication)…

  aphasia · augmentative and alternative communication · visual communication · icon-based communication · assistive technology

• NavTap: A Long Term Study with Excluded Blind Users

  Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, Joaquim Jorge, Daniel Gonçalves · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a long-term evaluation of NavTap, a navigational text-entry method designed specifically for blind users who cannot effectively use standard mobile phone text input. Unlike traditional MultiTap — where users press a key multiple times to cycle through letters…

  mobile accessibility · blind users · text entry · assistive technology · longitudinal study

• Accessible Motion-Capture Glove Calibration Protocol for Recording Sign Language Data from Deaf Subjects

  Pengfei Lu, Matt Huenerfauth · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper addresses a critical bottleneck in sign language technology research: the calibration of motion-capture gloves used to record handshape data from deaf signers. Motion-capture gloves like the CyberGlove contain sensors that measure finger joint angles, but they require…

  sign language · motion capture · American Sign Language · deaf users · accessibility technology

• Context-Aware Prompting to Transition Autonomously Through Vocational Tasks for Individuals with Cognitive Impairments

  Yao-Jen Chang, Wan Chih Chang, Tsen-Yung Wang · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a context-aware task prompting system designed to help individuals with cognitive impairments work more independently in vocational settings. The system uses Bluetooth beacons placed at key work locations ("points of work") to trigger personalized prompts on…

  cognitive accessibility · task prompting · supported employment · context-aware computing · intellectual disability

• iSET: Enabling In Situ & Post Hoc Video Labeling

  Mish Madsen, Abdelrahman N. Mahmoud, Youssef Kashef · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This demonstration paper presents the interactive Social-Emotional Toolkit (iSET), a portable video recording and annotation system designed to support behavioral interventions for people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). People with ASD frequently struggle to recognize and…

  autism spectrum disorder · video annotation · affective computing · social-emotional learning · behavioral intervention

• Comparing Evaluation Techniques for Text Readability Software for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

  Matt Huenerfauth, Lijun Feng, Noémie Elhadad · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper investigates how to properly evaluate text simplification software designed for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (ID). The authors are developing a system that automatically simplifies news articles, displays them, and reads them aloud using text-to-speech —…

  intellectual disability · text simplification · readability · natural language processing · evaluation methodology

• Haptic User Interface Design for Students with Visual Impairments

  Hyung Nam Kim · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This short paper explores the design of haptic user interfaces to help students with visual impairments understand science concepts related to heat and temperature — topics where common misconceptions are prevalent even among sighted students and where traditional teaching…

  haptic technology · visual impairment · STEM accessibility · science education · multimodal interaction

• Talking Points: The Differential Impact of Real-Time Computer Generated Audio/Visual Feedback on Speech-Like & Non-Speech-Like Vocalizations in Low Functioning Children with ASD

  Joshua Hailpern, Karrie Karahalios, Laura DeThorne, James Halle · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper examines whether real-time computer feedback systems (CFS) can differentially impact speech-like versus non-speech-like vocalizations in low-functioning children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The distinction matters because the goal of speech intervention is to…

  autism spectrum disorder · speech development · computer feedback system · vocalization · children

• Haptic Handheld Wayfinder with Pseudo-Attraction Force for Pedestrians with Visual Impairments

  Tomohiro Amemiya, Hisashi Sugiyama · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a compact handheld haptic device that guides visually impaired pedestrians by generating a directional force sensation — a feeling of being pulled or pushed toward the correct direction. The device exploits a perceptual phenomenon called "pseudo-attraction…

  haptic technology · wayfinding · visual impairment · navigation · kinesthetic perception

• Let's Stay in Touch: Sharing Photos for Restoring Social Connectedness between Rehabilitants, Friends and Family

  Margit Biemans, Betsy van Dijk, Pavan Dadlani, Aart van Halteren · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a case study on using a photo sharing application to maintain social connectedness between people undergoing spinal cord lesion rehabilitation and their friends and family. Rehabilitation for spinal cord injuries often requires extended stays of up to a year…

  social connectedness · rehabilitation · spinal cord injury · photo sharing · assistive technology