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• Understanding the Role of Age and Fluid Intelligence in Information Search

  Shari Trewin, John T. Richards, Vicki L. Hanson, David Sloan, Bonnie E. John, Cal Swart, John C. Thomas · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This study investigates whether age or fluid intelligence is the more important factor driving differences in how people search for information in hierarchical web interfaces. The researchers recruited three groups: 14 younger adults with high fluid intelligence (YH, mean age…

  cognitive accessibility · aging · fluid intelligence · eye tracking · information search

• Detecting Linguistic HCI Markers in an Online Aphasia Support Group

  Yoram M. Kalman, Kathleen Geraghty, Cynthia K. Thompson, Darren Gergle · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This paper investigates whether the language deficits associated with aphasia — an acquired language disorder typically resulting from stroke or brain injury — can be detected in online written communication. The concept of "HCI markers" is introduced: measurable signals…

  aphasia · computer-mediated communication · linguistic analysis · online support groups · user modeling

• Exploration and Avoidance of Surrounding Obstacles for the Visually Impaired

  Limin Zeng, Denise Prescher, Gerhard Weber · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This paper presents the 3DOD (3D Obstacle Detector), a wearable system that combines a 3D Time-of-Flight (TOF) camera with a portable multi-line refreshable Braille display to help blind pedestrians detect and avoid obstacles beyond the reach of a white cane. White canes detect…

  blindness · obstacle detection · electronic travel aid · haptic feedback · tactile display

• Online Quality Control for Real-Time Crowd Captioning

  Walter S. Lasecki, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This paper addresses quality control in Legion:Scribe, a system that provides real-time captioning by having multiple non-expert crowd workers simultaneously type what they hear, then automatically merging their partial transcriptions into a single caption stream. Real-time…

  real-time captioning · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · automatic speech recognition · human computation

• Considerations for Technology that Support Physical Activity by Older Adults

  Chloe Fan, Jodi Forlizzi, Anind Dey · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This paper investigates how technology can help older adults overcome barriers to physical activity through a needs-based, qualitative research approach. Rather than starting from technology capabilities, the researchers interviewed 12 physically active older adults (aged 61-90)…

  aging · older adults · physical activity · technology intervention · participatory design

• Liberi and the Racer Bike: Exergaming Technology for Children with Cerebral Palsy

  Zi Ye, Hamilton A. Hernandez, T.C. Nicholas Graham, Darcy Fehlings, Lauren Switzer, Md Ameer Hamza, Irina Schumann · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This demonstration paper presents Liberi, a multiplayer exercise video game, and a custom cycling-based exergaming station designed to enable children with cerebral palsy (CP) to engage in vigorous physical exercise while playing with peers. Children with CP face limited…

  cerebral palsy · exergame · children · physical activity · participatory design

• Tapulator: A Non-Visual Calculator Using Natural Prefix-Free Codes

  Vaspol Ruamviboonsuk, Shiri Azenkot, Richard E. Ladner · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This demonstration paper presents the Tapulator, a non-visual calculator for smartphones that replaces traditional on-screen buttons with a simple gesture-based numeric entry system using multi-finger taps and swipes. The core innovation is a natural prefix-free code for…

  blindness · low vision · touchscreen accessibility · screen reader · gesture input

• Transforming Japanese Archives into Accessible Digital Books

  Tatsuya Ishihara, Toshinari Itoko, Daisuke Sato, Asaf Tzadok, Hironobu Takagi · 2012 · JCDL '12: Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries

  This JCDL 2012 paper from IBM Research Tokyo and Haifa tackles a problem that remained invisible in most English-focused digitisation work: producing fully accessible digital books from Japanese archives, where the writing system uses more than 10,000 characters (kanji plus…

  accessible ebooks · digitization · japanese · OCR · DAISY

• Estimating dyslexia in the web

  Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Luz Rello · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of dyslexic writing errors in English-language web content. The authors developed a classification system distinguishing five types of lexical errors: dyslexic errors (multi-character reversals, transpositions, and…

  dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · web content quality · natural language processing · spelling errors

• Improving accessibility to mathematical formulas: the Wikipedia math accessor

  Leo Ferres, Jose Fuentes Sepúlveda · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents MathAcc, an assistive technology system that generates natural language descriptions in Spanish for the more than 355,000 mathematical formulas found across 26,174 Wikipedia articles. Wikipedia renders formulas as rasterised PNG images of LaTeX expressions,…

  mathematical accessibility · blindness · natural language generation · MathML · Wikipedia

• Website Accessibility in Australia and the Australian Government's National Transition Strategy

  Vivienne L. Conway · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This short research proposal paper outlines a planned study to assess the effectiveness of Australia's Web Accessibility National Transition Strategy (NTS), released by the Australian Government in June 2010. The NTS mandated that all federal government websites conform to WCAG…

  web accessibility · policy · WCAG compliance · government · accessibility standards

• Accessibility at Early Stages: Insights from the Designer Perspective

  Adriana Martín, Alejandra Cechich, Gustavo Rossi · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental imbalance in web accessibility practice: while many tools exist to help developers evaluate accessibility after implementation, very few support designers in building accessibility into web applications from the start. The authors propose a…

  accessible design · software engineering · aspect-oriented design · web engineering · model-driven development

• An Adaptive Videos Enrichment System Based on Decision Trees for People with Sensory Disabilities

  José Francisco Saray Villamizar, Benoît Encelle, Yannick Prié, Pierre-Antoine Champin · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from the ACAV (Collaborative Annotation for Video Accessibility) project at the University of Lyon proposes an adaptive system that personalises how video accessibility descriptions are presented to users with sensory disabilities. The core insight is that predefined,…

  video accessibility · multimedia accessibility · machine learning · personalization · adaptive systems

• Prediction of Web Page Accessibility Based on Structural and Textual Features

  Sina Bahram, Debadeep Sen, Robert St. Amant · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from NC State University explores whether machine learning classifiers can predict the accessibility of web pages based on structural and textual features of their DOM — features that are independent of explicit accessibility markup like alt text or ARIA attributes.…

  machine learning · accessibility evaluation · automated testing · visual impairment · web accessibility

• Development and Trial of an Educational Tool to Support the Accessibility Evaluation Process

  Christopher Bailey, Elaine Pearson · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper describes the design, development, and first trial of the Accessibility Evaluation Assistant (AEA), a web-based knowledge management tool created at Teesside University to support novice auditors in conducting accessibility evaluations. The AEA addresses a key gap:…

  accessibility evaluation · accessibility education · WCAG compliance · evaluation tools · novice auditors

• Developing Hera-FFX for WCAG 2.0

  José L. Fuertes, Emmanuelle Gutiérrez, Loïc Martínez · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper describes the redesign of Hera-FFX, a Mozilla Firefox extension for semi-automatic web accessibility evaluation, to support WCAG 2.0. The original Hera-FFX was built around WCAG 1.0's simpler two-level structure of guidelines and checkpoints. When WCAG 2.0 was…

  accessibility evaluation · evaluation tools · WCAG 2.0 · semi-automatic evaluation · browser extensions

• Augment browsing and standard profiling for enhancing web accessibility

  Silvia Mirri, Paola Salomoni, Catia Prandi · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents GAPforAPE (GreaseMonkey And Profiling for Accessible Pages Enhancement), a client-side system that automatically transcodes web content to meet individual users' accessibility needs and preferences. The system is built as a Firefox browser extension using the…

  content transcoding · user profiling · browser extensions · social media accessibility · personalization

• AccessibleNews DAISY: Newspapers in DAISY

  Gaurang Kanvinde, Saurabh Gupta · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents AccessibleNews DAISY, software developed by Accessible Systems in Mumbai, India, that automatically converts web-based newspaper and magazine content into DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) digital talking books. The authors identify that while the…

  DAISY · blind and low vision · assistive technology · news accessibility · digital talking books

• Accessibility Approach to Adopting Web Technologies

  Neil King, Damien McCormack · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents findings from a comprehensive Australian Government-commissioned study by Vision Australia into the accessibility of the PDF format for people with disabilities. The three-phase research combined user consultation (focus groups with blind and low vision…

  PDF accessibility · assistive technology · blind and low vision · screen readers · document accessibility

• The AccDC Enterprise API for Advanced UI Automation

  Bryan Garaventa · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper presents the AccDC Enterprise API, a JavaScript-based dynamic content management system designed to build Rich Internet Applications with automatic accessibility built in from the ground up. Created by Bryan Garaventa through WhatSock.com, the API promotes the…

  WAI-ARIA · JavaScript · rich internet applications · web accessibility · accessibility tools

• Crowdsourcing Correction of Speech Recognition Captioning Errors

  M. Wald · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper describes tools built around Synote, an award-winning web-based application from the University of Southampton, that enable crowdsourced correction of automatic speech recognition (ASR) captioning errors to make video content accessible at scale. The author frames the…

  captioning · speech recognition · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · video accessibility

• Accessible Icon Design in Enterprise Applications

  Eric Stilan, Amy Chen, Lulit Bezuayehu · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from Oracle's design team presents case studies of designing accessible icons for enterprise software, focusing on the challenge of conveying complex meanings — conditional status, severity levels, data trends — within 16x16 pixel icons without relying on color as the…

  visual design · color contrast · color blindness · accessible design · user interface design

• Web Educational Services for All: The APEINTA Project

  Ana Iglesias, Lourdes Moreno, Belén Ruiz, José Luis Pajares, Javier Jiménez, Juan Francisco López, Pablo Revuelta, Julián Hernández · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents APEINTA, a Spanish educational project from Carlos III University of Madrid and the Spanish Centre of Captioning and Audio Description (CESyA), aimed at providing inclusive education through three cloud-based web services. Started in 2008, the project was…

  education accessibility · captioning · text-to-speech · deaf and hard of hearing · speech disability

• Application of Content Adaptation in Web Accessibility for the Blind

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes transforming web pages into hierarchical, numbered menu structures — modeled on Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRS) — so blind users can navigate content by pressing number keys rather than listening sequentially through entire pages. The author…

  blind and low vision · content adaptation · screen readers · mobile accessibility · web page segmentation

• An Educational Tool for Generating Inaccessible Page Examples Based on WCAG 2.0 Failures

  Atheer S. Al-Khalifa, Hend S. Al-Khalifa · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the Accessibility Example Generator (AEG), an online educational tool from King Saud University and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, designed to help instructors create modular examples of inaccessible web pages based on…

  accessibility education · WCAG compliance · accessibility evaluation · accessibility tools · web development